Case Report: Oligodontia in an 18-Year-Old Female Patient

Case Report: Oligodontia in an 18-Year-Old Female Patient

Introduction

Oligodontia is a rare dental condition characterized by the congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth (excluding third molars). This condition can cause significant functional, esthetic, and psychological concerns in young patients, especially when anterior teeth are missing. Early diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment plan are essential to restore both oral health and facial aesthetics.

In this case study, we present an 18-year-old female patient diagnosed with oligodontia, involving missing upper lateral incisor and premolars.

Patient Information

Age/Gender: 18-year-old female

Chief Complaint: Concern about missing teeth in the upper jaw and demand for esthetic replacement.

History: No significant medical history. The condition is congenital (teeth did not erupt naturally).

Extraoral Findings: Symmetrical face, normal growth pattern.

Intraoral Findings: Missing upper lateral incisor and permanent premolar. Primary (milk) teeth are still present in some areas.

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Diagnostic Investigations

Orthopantomogram (OPG) X-ray shows congenital absence of upper lateral incisor and premolars.

Clinical photographs were taken to document the condition.

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Diagnosis

Condition: Oligodontia

Missing Teeth: Upper lateral incisor & premolars

Treatment Objective: To provide esthetic smile correction, functional occlusion, and long-term stability.

Treatment Plan

The treatment plan was designed keeping in mind the patient’s age, esthetic expectations, and functional requirements:

1. Initial Counseling & Education

Explained the condition (oligodontia) to the patient and her parents.

Discussed available treatment options (orthodontic correction, prosthetic replacement, implants).

2. Prosthetic Rehabilitation for Esthetics

Option A: Dental Implants – Replacement of missing lateral incisor and premolars with implants after sufficient bone evaluation.

Option B: Fixed Dental Bridges – Conservative prosthetic replacement if implant therapy is not preferred.

Option C: Zirconia Crowns / Veneers – For natural esthetics and smile enhancement.

3. Orthodontic Support

Correction of spacing and alignment before prosthetic replacement.

4. Long-Term Maintenance

Regular dental check-ups every 6 months.

Oral hygiene reinforcement to maintain gingival and periodontal health.

Outcome & Prognosis

With esthetic rehabilitation, the patient’s confidence and smile esthetics are expected to improve significantly. Long-term prognosis is good with regular follow-up care.

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Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment in managing oligodontia. With the right blend of orthodontics, prosthetics, and esthetic dentistry, even challenging cases like congenital missing teeth can be successfully rehabilitated.